Question about Explanation Text

Kezia Talenta Gracia (18)
XII IPS 3

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

1. What is the text about?

A. The process of making Biodiesel ✓

B. The use of the Biodiesel.

C. The advantage of using the Biodiesel.

D. The benefit of producing the Biodiesel.

E. The development of the Biodiesel product.

2. What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?

A. The three fatty acids with the glycerin molecules.

B. The glycerin molecule with three methanol molecules✓

C. Methanol with the three fatty acids.

D. Vegetable oil with methanol

E. Methanol and alkaline catalyst.

3. According to the text, one of the advantages in using biodiesel is…

A. it is cheap.

B. it only uses vegetable oil.

C. it uses replaceable materials.

D. it can be done in small industry.

E. it gives less pollution than petroleum✓

4. . “The process for converting vegetable oil…”(Paragraph 3). The word “converting” is closest in meaning to…

A. Producing

B. Separating

C. Attaching

D. Processing

E. Changing✓

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.

5. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

A. An absorbent bed.

B. A rocky surrounding.

C. A low land.

D. A high bank✓

E. A high road.